African Bird "Cries Wolf" To Steal Food

  

Hey guys, I'm back with a new topic. This time I'll be talking about Africa's fork-tailed drongo that makes fake danger calls, just to steal food from other birds. Over the years, scientists have studied the fork-tailed drongo and have discovered that is has learned how to mimic a few other danger calls of other species that live in the Kalahari Desert.

Fork-tailed drongos aren't the only birds that have mastered the art of mimicry, but they're the first ones that are known to be smart enough to use it to their advantage and to change the way it sounds if the first try fails. 

Even though they are small in size, are very aggressive and aren't afraid to take on predators such as hawks and eagles, especially if their nests are threatened.

Something that I found interesting is that it could change the way the mimicked danger call sounded. I chose this topic because I like animals and how they react differently to things. 

That's all for today guys see you next time.

Fork-Tailed Drongo 

Waves

Hey guys, I'm back and today I'll be talking about waves, but not just one type of wave, I'll be talking about almost all of them. I'll talking about electromagnetic waves, seismic waves, sound waves, mechanical waves, transverse waves, and compressional waves. Waves carry energy and not matter.

 

The amplitude of a wave is the amount of vibration inside of that wave. The difference between a electromagnetic wave and mechanical wave is that mechanical waves need a medium to carry their energy through, while electromagnetic waves can basically travel through empty space. How do you think sun rays get to Earth.





There are two different type of mechanical waves. Transverse and Compressional waves. Compressional waves compact together, while Transverse waves move in a right angle. To make a sound wave you have to make an object vibrate, an exaxmple is hitting a metal spoon against a metal railing.

The crest of a wave is the top of a wave, the trough of a wave is the bottom of a wave, amplitude is the maximum amount of a vibration in a wave, wavelength is measured from crest to crest and also from trough to trough, and frequency is the number of waves past a certain point per second.

                       That's all for today guys see ya next time.

Newton's Laws of Motion

Hey guys, today I'll be talking about Newton's Laws of Motion. Newton's First Law of Motion is the Law of Inertia. Newton's Law of Inertia states that an object at rest tends to stay at rest, unless an unbalanced force acts on the object and causes the object to move. An example of Newton's Law of Inertia is a ball at rest doesn't have any inertia until an unbalanced force acts on the ball and causes the ball to be put in motion.

Another example of Newton's Law of Inertia is shown in the picture below.

 



 
Newton's Second Law of Motion is the acceleration of an object equals the net force divided by the mass and is in the direction of the net force. An example is a soccer ball sitting still and then somebody goes and kicks it.




Now lets talk about Newton's Third Law of Motion. Newton's Third Law of Motion is that forces always act in equal but opposite pairs. Another way of saying this is for every action there is an equal, but opposite reaction. This means that when you push on a wall, the wall pushes back on you with a force equal in strength to the force you exerted.
That's all for today guys, see you next time. Wait quick question.

Gravity

Hey guys I'm back, and today I'll be talking about gravity. Gravity is the force that is pulling you towards the center of the Earth and that keeps you from flying off into space. Except gravity isn't the only force acting on you. In 1589, there was a scientist named Galileo Galilei who had done an experiment that is still known to people now. He created an experiment where he dropped two balls of different masses from the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, to show that their time of descent was independent of their mass.
The day that Galileo died, Isaac Newton was born, which was kind of ironic because when one great scientist died, another was born. The once to be great scientist, and that was Sir Isaac Newton.

That's all for today guys, sorry it was short this time.

Force

Hey guys I'm back, and I'll be talking about force. Force is a push or a pull. There are so many different ways force is used, (not the force from the Star Wars Saga). There are so many different examples for force, but I'm only listing three. Let's say a ball is on the ground, motionless, then you pick it up and throw it, you just used force to throw the ball.

I know I don't ever put puns in my blog, but I'm bored so may the force be with you. Anyways back to what I was talking about. There isn't just one type of force, there are way more, but I'm only going to talk about a few different ones. There is balanced force, unbalanced force, net force, and centripetal force. A balanced force when two or more forces push on an object and the object doesn't move or change in velocity, then the forces are balanced.

An unbalanced force is when two people are pushing on both sides of a door. One person is stronger than the other person. The person with more strength will begin to move the door towards the other person. Therefore, the force is unbalanced or is an unbalanced force. Now let me tell you what a Newton is. 

(Again, not used to doing puns) and no, not Fig Newtons. A Newton is the SI unit of force. It's equal to the force that would give a mass of one kilogram an acceleration of one meter per second per second, and is equivalent to 100,000 dynes. Now let me talk about net force. Net force is the overall force acting on an object. 

For example, two people could push on a book at the same time, but in opposite directions. If the guy on the left was pushing the book with more force, then the prevailing force would be on the left and in this case, prevailing force is called the net force. Now that's what I call Big Data! Well guys, that's all for today see you next time. 

Acceleration

Hey guys I'm back and today I'll be talking about acceleration. Acceleration is the change in velocity divided by the time it takes for that change to occur. Acceleration is happening in the picture below.

 There are three types of acceleration. They are positive acceleration, negative acceleration, and velocity. An example of positive acceleration is speeding up, and example of negative acceleration is slowing down, and an example of velocity is changing the speed and the direction of an object. You also should know how to calculate the acceleration of an object. Acceleration can be calculated using a specific formula.

The formula that is used to calculate acceleration is (final speed (in meters/seconds) minus initial speed (in meters/seconds)), which is then divided by time (in seconds). There are many differences between positive acceleration and negative acceleration, but I'm only going to list a few of them. One of the differences is positive acceleration is when an object is accelerating when it speeds up, and the acceleration is in the same direction as the motion, but negative acceleration is when an object is accelerating when it slows down, but the acceleration is in the direction opposite to the motion.
That's all for today people see you next time.   

Motion

Hey guys I'm back, and today I'll be talking about motion. I know it has been a while, but I'm back. Motion is the movement of an object from one place to another. There are many different things that are related to motion, one of them being speed. An example of motion is the ball in the sport soccer or fútbol for you English people.

Another example is a bicycle kick like the one shown below

 

Now I'll talk about relative motion. Relative motion is when an object changes it position from one place to another. One example is when one person starts out on one side of a tree and then moves to the other side of the tree. Another example of relative motion is if you are at the start line, then you pass the finish line that is also relative motion. Now lets talk about speed and the different types of speed.

 

Speed is how fast an object is moving. Speed is measured in Mph and Kmh. The speed of an object is measured by a speedometer. The speed of the ball changes (shown below).

 

There are two types of speed. They are average speed and instantaneous speed. Average speed is found by dividing the total distance traveled by the total time taken. Instantaneous speed is the speed of an object at one instant of time is the object's instantaneous speed.
Think about walking to school, if it takes you 0.5 hours to walk 3 kilometers to school your average speed would be 4 km/h. Except you most likey didn't sustain the same speed throughout the walk.

Isaac Newton

Hey guys i'm back with a new topic. Today i'll be talking about Isaac Newton and about his many discoveries and accomplishments. Isaac Newton was born on Christmas Day, 1642, at Woolsthorpe Manor in England. On some calendars, you might notice Isaac Newton's birthday to be on January 4th, 1643. That's because two different calendars were used at that time.
Isaac Newton was born without a father, because his father died three months before Isaac was born. Isaac's mother left him with his grandparents to deal with so she could go marry some old guy. When Isaac was 19 years old, his mother came back and asked him to take over Woolsthorpe and become a farmer, but Isaac's uncle helped convince Isaac's mother to let him attend Cambridge University. Isaac took a three day journey to Cambridge University, but when he got there he knew that the three day walk was worth it. We all know how Isaac Newton discovered the Laws of Motion, hopefully.
One of the laws of motion is that an object in motion tends to stay in motion.

 

 

Another one of the Laws of motion is that the sum of the forces on an object is equal to the total mass of that object. The last law of motion is when one body exerts a force onto a second body.

 

 

That's all for today people.

Heat Transfer

Hey guys i'm back with a new topic. Today i'll be talking about heat and the details of what heat is and how it helps us all during our daily lives. First off, heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another when the objects are at different temperatures. The amount of thermal energy that is transferred when two objects are brought into contact depends on the difference in temperature between the objects. Heat is important to us and our lives because it keeps us warm so we are able to live.
Heat is transferred in three ways. They are radiation, conduction, and convection. Radiation is when energy is transferred by electromagnetic waves. These waves carry energy through empty space, and also through matter. The transfer of thermal energy by radiation can occur in solids, liquids, and gases.

Conduction is when the particles in a material collide with other close particles. If you were to hold an ice cube in your hand, the faster-moving molecules in your hand bounce against the slower-moving molecules in the ice. The heat from your hand transfers to the colder ice, the molecules in the ice begin to move faster. As a result, the ice becomes warmer and its temperature rises. Finally, there is convection.

Convection is when thermal energy by the movement of atoms or molecules is transferred from one part of a material to another. When you heat a pot of water on a stove, thermal energy can be transferred through the water. Convection occurs in gases and liquids, not in solids.

That's all for today guys see you next time!

Lemons Sharks

Hey guys i'm back with a new topic. Today i'll be talking about lemon shark reproduction. I know it might seem a little weird but trust me it's normal. Reasearchers say that they have found the first direct evidence that female lemon sharks return to where they were born to breed.
Even though lemon sharks are highly migratory, female lemon sharks prefer to go to where they were born themselves to breed. The researchers also stated that this should mean that fishing in specific places should be restricted. Not only has it been seen in lemon sharks, but it has also been seen in salmon and also sea turtles.
That's all for today guys see you next time.

Energy

Hey people, today i'll be talking about energy and the many types of energy. First, energy is what is used to make electricity and it's also what you are using right now. There are two types of energy, there is kinetic energy and potential energy. Kinetic energy is when something is in motion. Mass and speed play a big part in kinetic energy.
The other type of energy is Potential energy. Potential energy is when something is having the potential of being put into motion. An example for Kinetic energy is a ball being kicked and is put into motion. An example for Potential energy is a boulder sitting on the point of a cliff and is having a potential to fall off of the cliff point. Mass for Kinetic energy has a big part because the bigger it is, also helps with the speed of the object. Mass has the same effect with Potential energy.
Kinetic energy depends on speed because it determines on how fast the object goes. An example for Kinetic energy transferring from one object to another is a bowling ball being put into motion and hitting a bowling pin and the bowling pin being put into motion by the bowling ball, which making the pin hit another pin and then another pin and so forth, creating the so called domino effect.
That's all for today people see you next time!

States of Matter

 Hey guys, today i'll be talking about states of matter, but first you have to know what matter is. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. The three most commonly known states of matter are solids, liquids, and gases. Except those aren't the only states of matter, there is another called plasma. There are many different types of plasma. Some examples are: lightning, fire, and neon. The most common plasma on Earth is lightning.

Matter can also change to different states because of temperature and also because of pressure. When matter changes states it only changes physically, not chemically. An example is ice going from a solid to water, a liquid. Even though its form changed, its physical properties were the only thing that changed with it. Matter's chemical properties never change, they always stay the same.

Also, everything has their own melting and boiling points. A melting point is which a solid becomes a liquid. An example of a melting point is ice. Another part that is included in the states of matter is something called heat of fusion. Heat of fusion is the energy required to change a substance like a solid to a liquid, without changing its temperature. This energy breaks down the solid bonds, but it leaves a significant amount of energy associated with the molecular forces of the liquid state.
That's all for today people see you next week!  

 

 

 

 

Oreos: Are they as addictive as cocaine

Hey guys, i'm back with another topic that I thought was very interesting. Today i'll be talking about oreos and if they are as addictive as cocaine. Studies show that rats treat oreos as addictive as cocaine. scientists at Connecticut College conducted an experiment on rats using a maze with rice cakes at one end and oreos on the other. The rats were observed on both sides of the maze.

The experiment results were compared with previous tests done on rats that were given shots of morphine or cocaine on one side of the maze and saline on the other. The study showed that the rats the weren't given shots of morphine, cocaine, or saline had spent as much time on the side with oreos as the rats that were given shots of morphine, cocaine, or saline did. Also, according to the studies, rats liked to eat the filling of the oreo first, just like many humans do. The studies also showed that oreos activated more neurons than the morphine or cocaine. So when you have a craving for oreos, blame it on your brain chemistry.

That's all for today guys, see you next week. 

Chemical Reactions

Hey people i'm back and i'll be talking to you about chemical reactions. Did you know that chemical reactions happen around us all the time. A chemical reaction is even happening right now while you're reading this. Anyways, lets get back to what I was saying. The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The atomic nucleus also contains a mix of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons.

The nucleus is what is in the center of an atom. Shells are what electrons are on that surround the nucleus. Clouds are what happens when electrons spin around really fast. Now i'll be telling you about how many electrons can each shell hold. The first shell that is closest to the nucleus can hold two electrons. The second shell can hold eight, then the third can hold sixteen, then the fourth can hold thirty-two. Valence electrons are the electrons that are on the outermost shell.

Now i'll tell you the difference between when an atom is unstable and when an atom is stable. An atom that has a full shell is called stable. An atom the doesn't have a full shell is called unstable.



That's all for today people see you next week.

The Periodic Table

Hey guys i'm back and today i'll be talking about the periodic table of elements. You're probally wondering who made the periodic table and why. Well, the person who made was a scientist by the name of Dmitri Mendeleev, and he made the periodic table for elements, but he left spaces knowing some elements would be discovered after he died. The Periodic Table is a list of all the chemical elements that occur in the universe. It also categorizes elements according to the property of their atoms.Atoms are the smallest units of an element. They are made up of a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons and a number of electrons orbiting in different shells, or orbitals.

It's the numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an element's atoms that determine its properties. The configurtion of these three particles is the only thing that makes one element different from another.

The modern periodic table of elements organizes elements so that it's easier to see how elements relate to each other. First you need to know how the elements are listed on the periodic table. The elements on the periodic table are listed by their atomic number, or number of protons in their atomic nuclei.

That's all for today people I might be blogging next week, PEACE.



Compounds and Mixtures

Heeeeeey i'm baaaack, and I have something else to teach you peeps about. Today i'll be talking about Compounds and Mixtures, and who thinks they know that compounds and mixtures can't get confused between each other. For some people that's true but for others it might not be that easy for them to not get confused between them, and trust I do too sometimes. Anyways, back to what I was saying, a compound is when a chemical change takes place, cool right, yeah not always. Sometimes those chemical reactions can harm the planet and they can also harm you.

Mixtures are when two or more elements, or compounds, are blended without combining chemically and ta-da you have a mixture. Oh and guess what else is cool, each substance in a mixture keeps its own properties. Mixtures can only be seperated by physical or mechanical means. An example of an homogenous mixture is a bottle of salt and salt crystals that have been dissolved in water.

Another example is trail mix, which has a mixture of many diferent things. Trail mix is a heterogeneous mixture and an example of a homogenous mixture is food coloring.

 

Atoms&Molecules

The Atoms Family



Years ago there were around 2,400 elements. There was a Greek guy named Democritus argued everything in the world was made up of particles so small that they couldn't be cut in half. Democritus called these tiny things Atoms which came from the Greek word Atomos which means indivisible.

Somewhere in the 1800's another guy named John Dalton refined the idea with his theory that atoms are the smallest particle of an element that retain its chemical properties. That means if you were to break apart an atom of an element such as carbon, its not carbon anymore.

Atoms are made up of something smaller then itself. Those things are called Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons. The atom's center, or Nucleus, is a cluster of protons and neutrons. Protons have a positive electrical charge, and neutrons have no electrical charge.

The Nucleus is held together by something called the Strong Force (as in the picture below).

   The inside of a carbon atom is made up of 6 Protons and 6 Neutrons. Electrons surrounds the outside of an atom's nucleus going as fast as the speed of light. If we were able to see the electrons it would look like a fuzzy cloud.